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Impermanence

by brother Kim

According to the Apostle Paul nobody should expect to be able to do anything in permanent conflict with the truth. There is no higher way than the truth (2. Corinthians 13:8). In certain cases it has nothing to do with religion. Traditional Christian theology teaches, that man has an immortal soul, and that unsaved men consequently will burn forever in Hell. Buddha observed life and taught that man has no permanent soul (self). What is the truth? Should we take a dogmatic stand and prioritize our teaching above experience? It is better to approach the question of human immortality from each side. For it could never be healthy, if religious teaching and experience should contradict each other. If the perception of truth and reality contradict each other, one or the other will have to be adjusted.

 

What is the Message from Experience?

Let's begin with the reality of the soul and ask, if man has a soul at all? If this is the case, how should it be identified in us? Should the soul be understood as an infinitesimal part of our being? Is there such permanent part of us, which eventually could be reborn in the world or in heaven. Buddha taught consistently about the non-permanent character of the self (Anicca) and thereby he questioned the Hindu concept of personal reincarnation. Historically, Buddha rejected the teaching about the individual self (atman) as a permanent substance, which was the theoretical foundation for the yogi through yoga to identify himself with God (Brahman). Atman is not Brahman. Buddha is agreeing with the Christians that man is not divine.

Let's next listen to, what modern psychologists say about the existence of a soul in man. It is ironic, that the science about the soul (Greek: Psyche) not are concerned about the existence and the reality of the soul. There are, however, alternative ways of perceiving the soul. On top of viewing the soul as an infinitesimal part of man, the Greeks understood the soul as the total inner reality of man, i.e. will, mind and emotions. But such solution is rational-theoretical. It is therefore impossible to avoid the practical concept of modern man, that the soul is identical with self. Everybody gets interested, when the talk is about self-concept. In this we find most of the concerns of the psychologists. For a human being is not necessarily able to understand himself or his boundaries correctly. And man (and woman) truly suffers from superiority- and minority-complexes. Buddha surprisingly understood this correctly, when he rejected the human self-concept as a true self. Our individual self-image might not be identical with our real self. For we have no direct access to our self, we have to relate to our self through our self-concept. Therefore, the mystery of the soul still remains for many.

 

What is taught in the Holy Scriptures?

There is no doubt that the traditional Christian theological view of the immortal soul is insufficient. Since we can do nothing against the truth, it should be investigated, if such view in reality is taught by the Holy Scriptures of the Bible. What is taught and what is the foundation for the view of the immortality of the soul? For me it is obvious that the Bible never teaches about immortality of the soul. Firstly, to be created in the image of God does not mean that all the divine attributes, including immortality, are passed on to mere men (Genesis 1:27). Secondly, it is only those, who are born of the Spirit, who are promised an eternal life (John 3:5). Most probably traditional Christian theology about the immortal soul has been developed under the influence of Greek philosophy. Although there is no doubt that the Bible teaches about eternal judgement (John 3:17-18), the dogmatic theology about eternal punishment in Hell assumes the immortality of the soul in its interpretation of the Scriptures. The scary text from Isaiah mentions dead bodies, immortal worms and unquenchable fire (66:24). But the soul is not mentioned, and it is hard to understand the text in no other way than, that worms are the end of the body and fire the end of the soul. It corresponds to the teaching of the Apostle John concerning the lake of fire as the second death (Revelation 20:14). Even Jesus said that we should only fear God, who has the power to destroy both body and soul in Hell (Matthew 10:28). Since God is just, it must be expected that there always must be a reasonable balance between transgression and punishment. Therefore, only the Devil will suffer eternal punishment in the lake of fire (Revelation 20:10). The conclusion is that beyond the misconception of the texts about eternal judgement, the Bible teaches nothing about the unconditioned immortality of the soul separated from God, who alone is immortal (1. Timothy 6:16).

On the contrary the Holy Scriptures of the Bible teaches a lot about human mortality. God said to the first man that, if he ate of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, he should certainly die (Genesis 2:17). Is it possible to imagine that such warning about death only should concern one part of man? Should the body die, but not the soul? In Genesis it is told that the Devil insisted that there would be no cost of life by eating of the fruit of the tree. But should a Biblical teaching be based upon a word attributed to the mouth of the Devil? Since there can be no doubt about the death of the body, it seems like that the view of the immortality of the soul rather is a continuation of the seductive lie of the Devil. In Genesis 3:22 & 6:3 God repeats the word that fallen man not shall live forever.

It is therefore not surprising that there is no blessing over any teaching about immortality. For the lies of the Devil always leads to curses. In Buddhism it is the continued birth and rebirth, from which people need to escape. In reality there is really no need to bother. In the West people are troubled about the eternal suffering of the unsaved souls in Hell. It might even be a beloved husband, wife, son or daughter. But God is not unjust so that he should punish humans forever. Man should only consider that there is no permanent life in him. Therefore for the one, who understands that life is temporary and doesn't look to God for life, such man will soon face the end through old age, sickness and death. Man is made to live and die once, and then to meet final and irrevocable judgement (Hebrews 9:27). With surprise we conclude that Buddha's special insight about the impermanence of the self is far closer to the truth than the Greek philosophy of human immortality. The human soul/self is not eternal.